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| Types of Apraxia | Apraxia & Speech Therapy |
Apraxia is a neurological condition that
affects the ability to carry out purposeful movements or gestures, despite
intact sensory, motor, and cognitive function. Different types of apraxia can
affect various areas of the body, including the limbs, mouth, and face. In this
article, we will discuss the different types of apraxia.
Limb Apraxia
Limb apraxia, also known as ideomotor
apraxia, affects the ability to carry out purposeful movements with the arms
and legs. This type of apraxia can be caused by damage to the parietal lobe of
the brain, which is responsible for processing sensory information and
coordinating motor movements. Individuals with limb apraxia may have difficulty
with simple tasks such as waving goodbye or using a fork and knife.
Oral Apraxia
Oral apraxia affects the ability to
coordinate and control the muscles of the mouth and tongue for speech and
eating. This type of apraxia can be caused by damage to the left hemisphere of
the brain, which is responsible for language processing. Individuals with oral
apraxia may struggle with speaking clearly or pronouncing words correctly, and
may also have difficulty with eating and swallowing.
Apraxia of Gait
Apraxia of gait affects the ability
to walk normally and coordinate the movements of the legs. This type of apraxia
can be caused by damage to the frontal lobe of the brain, which is responsible
for planning and executing movements. Individuals with apraxia of gait may have
difficulty with balance, coordination, and walking in a straight line.
Constructional Apraxia
Constructional apraxia affects the
ability to create or copy simple drawings or designs. This type of apraxia can
be caused by damage to the parietal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for
spatial awareness and visual processing. Individuals with constructional
apraxia may have difficulty with tasks such as drawing a clock or copying a
simple shape.
Apraxia of Eyelid Opening
Apraxia of eyelid opening affects the
ability to voluntarily open the eyelids. This type of apraxia can be caused by
damage to the basal ganglia, which is responsible for controlling movement.
Individuals with apraxia of eyelid opening may have difficulty opening their
eyes, which can lead to difficulty with tasks such as reading or driving.
Buccofacial Apraxia
Buccofacial apraxia affects the
ability to coordinate and control the facial muscles for tasks such as smiling,
blowing a kiss, or whistling. This type of apraxia can be caused by damage to
the parietal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for processing sensory
information and coordinating motor movements. Individuals with buccofacial
apraxia may have difficulty with tasks such as using a straw or brushing their
teeth.
Apraxia of Speech
Apraxia of speech, also known as
verbal apraxia, affects the ability to plan and coordinate the movements
required for speech. This type of apraxia can be caused by damage to the left
hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for language processing.
Individuals with apraxia of speech may struggle with articulating words and
phrases correctly, even though they may be able to understand language and have
no problems with the muscles involved in speech production.
Limb-Kinetic Apraxia
Limb-kinetic apraxia affects the
ability to perform fine, precise movements with the fingers and hands. This
type of apraxia can be caused by damage to the parietal lobe of the brain,
which is responsible for sensory processing and motor coordination. Individuals
with limb-kinetic apraxia may have difficulty with tasks such as buttoning a
shirt, writing, or using tools that require fine motor control.
Oculomotor Apraxia
Oculomotor apraxia affects the
ability to voluntarily move the eyes in a coordinated manner. This type of
apraxia can be caused by damage to the cerebellum, which is responsible for
controlling movement and coordination. Individuals with oculomotor apraxia may
have difficulty with tasks such as following a moving object with their eyes or
looking from one object to another quickly.
In conclusion, apraxia is a
neurological condition that can affect various areas of the body, including the
limbs, mouth, and face. There are different types of apraxia, each with its
unique set of symptoms and causes. Understanding the different types of apraxia
can help individuals, caregivers, and healthcare providers develop appropriate
treatment plans to improve communication abilities, motor coordination, and
overall quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of
apraxia, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and
treatment.
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